diff --git a/tests/utils.rs b/tests/utils.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..75ae578
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/utils.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+use axum::response::IntoResponse;
+use axum_oidc::{EmptyAdditionalClaims, OidcClaims};
+
+
+pub async fn authenticated(claims: OidcClaims<EmptyAdditionalClaims>) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    format!("Hello {}", claims.subject().as_str())
+}
+
+pub async fn maybe_authenticated(
+    claims: Option<OidcClaims<EmptyAdditionalClaims>>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    if let Some(claims) = claims {
+        format!(
+            "Hello {}! You are already logged in from another Handler.",
+            claims.subject().as_str()
+        )
+    } else {
+        "Hello anon!".to_string()
+    }
+}
+
+pub async fn handle_axum_oidc_middleware_error(
+    e: axum_oidc::error::MiddlewareError,
+) -> axum::http::Response<axum::body::Body> {
+    e.into_response()
+}
+
+pub fn extract_location_header_testresponse(response: axum_test::TestResponse) -> Option<String> {
+    Some(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("Location")?
+            .to_str()
+            .ok()?
+            .to_string(),
+    )
+}
+
+pub fn extract_location_header_response(response: reqwest::Response) -> Option<String> {
+    Some(
+        response
+            .headers()
+            .get("Location")?
+            .to_str()
+            .ok()?
+            .to_string(),
+    )
+}