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<h1 class="menu-title">Real-Time Interrupt-driven Concurrency</h1>
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<h1 id="hardware-tasks"><a class="header" href="#hardware-tasks">Hardware tasks</a></h1>
<p>At its core RTIC is using a hardware interrupt controller (<a href="https://developer.arm.com/documentation/100166/0001/Nested-Vectored-Interrupt-Controller/NVIC-functional-description/NVIC-interrupts">ARM NVIC on cortex-m</a>) to schedule and start execution of tasks. All tasks except <code>pre-init</code> (a hidden "task"), <code>#[init]</code> and <code>#[idle]</code> run as interrupt handlers.</p>
<p>To bind a task to an interrupt, use the <code>#[task]</code> attribute argument <code>binds = InterruptName</code>. This task then becomes the interrupt handler for this hardware interrupt vector.</p>
<p>All tasks bound to an explicit interrupt are called <em>hardware tasks</em> since they start execution in reaction to a hardware event.</p>
<p>Specifying a non-existing interrupt name will cause a compilation error. The interrupt names are commonly defined by <a href="https://docs.rust-embedded.org/book/start/registers.html">PAC or HAL</a> crates.</p>
<p>Any available interrupt vector should work. Specific devices may bind specific interrupt priorities to specific interrupt vectors outside user code control. See for example the <a href="https://github.com/rtic-rs/rtic/issues/434">nRF “softdevice”</a>.</p>
<p>Beware of using interrupt vectors that are used internally by hardware features; RTIC is unaware of such hardware specific details.</p>
<h2 id="example"><a class="header" href="#example">Example</a></h2>
<p>The example below demonstrates the use of the <code>#[task(binds = InterruptName)]</code> attribute to declare a hardware task bound to an interrupt handler.</p>
<pre><code class="language-rust noplayground">//! examples/hardware.rs
#![no_main]
#![no_std]
#![deny(warnings)]
#![deny(unsafe_code)]
#![deny(missing_docs)]
use panic_semihosting as _;
#[rtic::app(device = lm3s6965)]
mod app {
use cortex_m_semihosting::{debug, hprintln};
use lm3s6965::Interrupt;
#[shared]
struct Shared {}
#[local]
struct Local {}
#[init]
fn init(_: init::Context) -&gt; (Shared, Local) {
// Pends the UART0 interrupt but its handler won't run until *after*
// `init` returns because interrupts are disabled
rtic::pend(Interrupt::UART0); // equivalent to NVIC::pend
hprintln!("init");
(Shared {}, Local {})
}
#[idle]
fn idle(_: idle::Context) -&gt; ! {
// interrupts are enabled again; the `UART0` handler runs at this point
hprintln!("idle");
// Some backends provide a manual way of pending an
// interrupt.
rtic::pend(Interrupt::UART0);
loop {
cortex_m::asm::nop();
debug::exit(debug::EXIT_SUCCESS); // Exit QEMU simulator
}
}
#[task(binds = UART0, local = [times: u32 = 0])]
fn uart0(cx: uart0::Context) {
// Safe access to local `static mut` variable
*cx.local.times += 1;
hprintln!(
"UART0 called {} time{}",
*cx.local.times,
if *cx.local.times &gt; 1 { "s" } else { "" }
);
}
}</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-console">$ cargo xtask qemu --verbose --example hardware
</code></pre>
<pre><code class="language-console">init
UART0 called 1 time
idle
UART0 called 2 times
</code></pre>
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