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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Atomics-based shared bus `I2c` implementation."><title>AtomicDevice in embedded_hal_bus::i2c - Rust</title><script>if(window.location.protocol!=="file:")document.head.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2,FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2,FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2,SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2,SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2".split(",").map(f=>`<link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/${f}">`).join(""))</script><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-492a78a4a87dcc01.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="embedded_hal_bus" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.82.0 (f6e511eec 2024-10-15)" data-channel="1.82.0" data-search-js="search-a99f1315e7cc5121.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-118b08c4c78b968e.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-921df33f47b8780c.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-3b12f09e550e0385.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc struct"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../embedded_hal_bus/index.html">embedded_<wbr>hal_<wbr>bus</a><span class="version">0.2.0</span></h2></div><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Atomic<wbr>Device</a></h2><div class="sidebar-elems"><section><h3><a href="#implementations">Methods</a></h3><ul class="block method"><li><a href="#method.new">new</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#trait-implementations">Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block trait-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-ErrorType-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">ErrorType</a></li><li><a href="#impl-I2c-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">I2c</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Send-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">Send</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#synthetic-implementations">Auto Trait Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block synthetic-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">!RefUnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">!UnwindSafe</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Freeze-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">Freeze</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Sync-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">Sync</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E">Unpin</a></li></ul><h3><a href="#blanket-implementations">Blanket Implementations</a></h3><ul class="block blanket-implementation"><li><a href="#impl-Any-for-T">Any</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T">Borrow&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T">BorrowMut&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T">From&#60;T&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T">Into&#60;U&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T">TryFrom&#60;U&#62;</a></li><li><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T">TryInto&#60;U&#62;</a></li></ul></section><h2><a href="index.html">In embedded_<wbr>hal_<wbr>bus::<wbr>i2c</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div><main><div class="width-limiter"><rustdoc-search></rustdoc-search><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Struct <a href="../index.html">embedded_hal_bus</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">i2c</a>::<wbr><a class="struct" href="#">AtomicDevice</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard">Copy item path</button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#79-81">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub struct AtomicDevice&lt;'a, T&gt; { <span class="comment">/* private fields */</span> }</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Atomics-based shared bus <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::I2c"><code>I2c</code></a> implementation.</p>
<p>Sharing is implemented with a <a href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice"><code>AtomicDevice</code></a>, which consists of an <code>UnsafeCell</code> and an <code>AtomicBool</code> “locked” flag.
This means it has low overhead, like <a href="struct.RefCellDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::RefCellDevice"><code>RefCellDevice</code></a>. Aditionally, it is <code>Send</code>,
which allows sharing a single bus across multiple threads (interrupt priority level), like <a href="struct.CriticalSectionDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::CriticalSectionDevice"><code>CriticalSectionDevice</code></a>,
while not using critical sections and therefore impacting real-time performance less.</p>
<p>The downside is using a simple <code>AtomicBool</code> for locking doesnt prevent two threads from trying to lock it at once.
For example, the main thread can be doing an I2C transaction, and an interrupt fires and tries to do another. In this
case, a <code>Busy</code> error is returned that must be handled somehow, usually dropping the data or trying again later.</p>
<p>Note that retrying in a loop on <code>Busy</code> errors usually leads to deadlocks. In the above example, itll prevent the
interrupt handler from returning, which will starve the main thread and prevent it from releasing the lock. If
this is an issue for your use case, you most likely should use <a href="struct.CriticalSectionDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::CriticalSectionDevice"><code>CriticalSectionDevice</code></a> instead.</p>
<p>This primitive is particularly well-suited for applications that have external arbitration
rules that prevent <code>Busy</code> errors in the first place, such as the RTIC framework.</p>
<h2 id="examples"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#examples">§</a>Examples</h2>
<p>Assuming there is a pressure sensor with address <code>0x42</code> on the same bus as a temperature sensor
with address <code>0x20</code>; <a href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice"><code>AtomicDevice</code></a> can be used to give access to both of these sensors
from a single <code>i2c</code> instance.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>embedded_hal_bus::i2c;
<span class="kw">use </span>embedded_hal_bus::util::AtomicCell;
<span class="kw">let </span>i2c = hal.i2c();
<span class="kw">let </span>i2c_cell = AtomicCell::new(i2c);
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>temperature_sensor = TemperatureSensor::new(
i2c::AtomicDevice::new(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>i2c_cell),
<span class="number">0x20</span>,
);
<span class="kw">let </span><span class="kw-2">mut </span>pressure_sensor = PressureSensor::new(
i2c::AtomicDevice::new(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>i2c_cell),
<span class="number">0x42</span>,
);</code></pre></div>
</div></details><h2 id="implementations" class="section-header">Implementations<a href="#implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#106-138">source</a><a href="#impl-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::I2c">I2c</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.new" class="method"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#112-114">source</a><h4 class="code-header">pub fn <a href="#method.new" class="fn">new</a>(bus: &amp;'a <a class="struct" href="../util/struct.AtomicCell.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::util::AtomicCell">AtomicCell</a>&lt;T&gt;) -&gt; Self</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Create a new <code>AtomicDevice</code>.</p>
</div></details></div></details></div><h2 id="trait-implementations" class="section-header">Trait Implementations<a href="#trait-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="trait-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-ErrorType-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#140-145">source</a><a href="#impl-ErrorType-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType">ErrorType</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::I2c">I2c</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#144">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="enum.AtomicError.html" title="enum embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicError">AtomicError</a>&lt;&lt;T as <a class="trait" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType">ErrorType</a>&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Error type</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle" open><summary><section id="impl-I2c-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#147-179">source</a><a href="#impl-I2c-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::I2c">I2c</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html" title="trait embedded_hal::i2c::I2c">I2c</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.read" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#152-154">source</a><a href="#method.read" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#method.read" class="fn">read</a>(&amp;mut self, address: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>, read: &amp;mut [<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>]) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Reads enough bytes from slave with <code>address</code> to fill <code>read</code>. <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#method.read">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.write" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#157-159">source</a><a href="#method.write" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#method.write" class="fn">write</a>(&amp;mut self, address: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>, write: &amp;[<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>]) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Writes bytes to slave with address <code>address</code>. <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#method.write">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.write_read" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#162-169">source</a><a href="#method.write_read" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#method.write_read" class="fn">write_read</a>(
&amp;mut self,
address: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>,
write: &amp;[<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>],
read: &amp;mut [<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>],
) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Writes bytes to slave with address <code>address</code> and then reads enough bytes to fill <code>read</code> <em>in a
single transaction</em>. <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#method.write_read">Read more</a></div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.transaction" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#172-178">source</a><a href="#method.transaction" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#tymethod.transaction" class="fn">transaction</a>(
&amp;mut self,
address: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.u8.html">u8</a>,
operations: &amp;mut [<a class="enum" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/enum.Operation.html" title="enum embedded_hal::i2c::Operation">Operation</a>&lt;'_&gt;],
) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;<a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.unit.html">()</a>, Self::<a class="associatedtype" href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.ErrorType.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type embedded_hal::i2c::ErrorType::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Execute the provided operations on the I2C bus. <a href="../../embedded_hal/i2c/trait.I2c.html#tymethod.transaction">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><section id="impl-Send-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="../../src/embedded_hal_bus/i2c/atomic.rs.html#104">source</a><a href="#impl-Send-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;</h3></section></div><h2 id="synthetic-implementations" class="section-header">Auto Trait Implementations<a href="#synthetic-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="synthetic-implementations-list"><section id="impl-Freeze-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Freeze-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Freeze.html" title="trait core::marker::Freeze">Freeze</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;</h3></section><section id="impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-RefUnwindSafe-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.RefUnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::RefUnwindSafe">RefUnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;</h3></section><section id="impl-Sync-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Sync-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Sync.html" title="trait core::marker::Sync">Sync</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;<div class="where">where
T: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Send.html" title="trait core::marker::Send">Send</a>,</div></h3></section><section id="impl-Unpin-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-Unpin-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Unpin.html" title="trait core::marker::Unpin">Unpin</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;</h3></section><section id="impl-UnwindSafe-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="impl"><a href="#impl-UnwindSafe-for-AtomicDevice%3C'a,+T%3E" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;'a, T&gt; !<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/panic/unwind_safe/trait.UnwindSafe.html" title="trait core::panic::unwind_safe::UnwindSafe">UnwindSafe</a> for <a class="struct" href="struct.AtomicDevice.html" title="struct embedded_hal_bus::i2c::AtomicDevice">AtomicDevice</a>&lt;'a, T&gt;</h3></section></div><h2 id="blanket-implementations" class="section-header">Blanket Implementations<a href="#blanket-implementations" class="anchor">§</a></h2><div id="blanket-implementations-list"><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Any-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/any.rs.html#138">source</a><a href="#impl-Any-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/any/trait.Any.html" title="trait core::any::Any">Any</a> for T<div class="where">where
T: 'static + ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.type_id" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/any.rs.html#139">source</a><a href="#method.type_id" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id" class="fn">type_id</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="struct" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/any/struct.TypeId.html" title="struct core::any::TypeId">TypeId</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Gets the <code>TypeId</code> of <code>self</code>. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/any/trait.Any.html#tymethod.type_id">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#209">source</a><a href="#impl-Borrow%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html" title="trait core::borrow::Borrow">Borrow</a>&lt;T&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#211">source</a><a href="#method.borrow" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow" class="fn">borrow</a>(&amp;self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.reference.html">&amp;T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Immutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/borrow/trait.Borrow.html#tymethod.borrow">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#217">source</a><a href="#impl-BorrowMut%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html" title="trait core::borrow::BorrowMut">BorrowMut</a>&lt;T&gt; for T<div class="where">where
T: ?<a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/marker/trait.Sized.html" title="trait core::marker::Sized">Sized</a>,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.borrow_mut" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/borrow.rs.html#218">source</a><a href="#method.borrow_mut" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut" class="fn">borrow_mut</a>(&amp;mut self) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/primitive.reference.html">&amp;mut T</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Mutably borrows from an owned value. <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/borrow/trait.BorrowMut.html#tymethod.borrow_mut">Read more</a></div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#765">source</a><a href="#impl-From%3CT%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for T</h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#768">source</a><a href="#method.from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.From.html#tymethod.from" class="fn">from</a>(t: T) -&gt; T</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Returns the argument unchanged.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#748-750">source</a><a href="#impl-Into%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#758">source</a><a href="#method.into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html#tymethod.into" class="fn">into</a>(self) -&gt; U</h4></section></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Calls <code>U::from(self)</code>.</p>
<p>That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of
<code><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.From.html" title="trait core::convert::From">From</a>&lt;T&gt; for U</code> chooses to do.</p>
</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#805-807">source</a><a href="#impl-TryFrom%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.Into.html" title="trait core::convert::Into">Into</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-2" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#809">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error-2" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/enum.Infallible.html" title="enum core::convert::Infallible">Infallible</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_from" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#812">source</a><a href="#method.try_from" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#tymethod.try_from" class="fn">try_from</a>(value: U) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;T, &lt;T as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;U&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details><details class="toggle implementors-toggle"><summary><section id="impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#790-792">source</a><a href="#impl-TryInto%3CU%3E-for-T" class="anchor">§</a><h3 class="code-header">impl&lt;T, U&gt; <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html" title="trait core::convert::TryInto">TryInto</a>&lt;U&gt; for T<div class="where">where
U: <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;,</div></h3></section></summary><div class="impl-items"><details class="toggle" open><summary><section id="associatedtype.Error-1" class="associatedtype trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#794">source</a><a href="#associatedtype.Error-1" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">type <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#associatedtype.Error" class="associatedtype">Error</a> = &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a></h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>The type returned in the event of a conversion error.</div></details><details class="toggle method-toggle" open><summary><section id="method.try_into" class="method trait-impl"><a class="src rightside" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/src/core/convert/mod.rs.html#797">source</a><a href="#method.try_into" class="anchor">§</a><h4 class="code-header">fn <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryInto.html#tymethod.try_into" class="fn">try_into</a>(self) -&gt; <a class="enum" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/result/enum.Result.html" title="enum core::result::Result">Result</a>&lt;U, &lt;U as <a class="trait" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html" title="trait core::convert::TryFrom">TryFrom</a>&lt;T&gt;&gt;::<a class="associatedtype" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.82.0/core/convert/trait.TryFrom.html#associatedtype.Error" title="type core::convert::TryFrom::Error">Error</a>&gt;</h4></section></summary><div class='docblock'>Performs the conversion.</div></details></div></details></div></section></div></main></body></html>