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Update delay.md file to be a bit easier to read, and add spoiler tags for the walls of code
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# Tasks with delay
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A convenient way to express *miniminal* timing requirements is by means of delaying progression.
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A convenient way to express miniminal timing requirements is by delaying progression.
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This can be achieved by instantiating a monotonic timer:
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This can be achieved by instantiating a monotonic timer (for implementations, see [`rtic-monotonics`]):
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[`rtic-monotonics`]: https://github.com/rtic-rs/rtic/tree/master/rtic-monotonics
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[`rtic-time`]: https://github.com/rtic-rs/rtic/tree/master/rtic-time
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``` rust
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...
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rtic_monotonics::make_systick_handler!();
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#[init]
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fn init(cx: init::Context) -> (Shared, Local) {
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hprintln!("init");
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Systick::start(cx.core.SYST, 12_000_000);
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let token = rtic_monotonics::create_systick_token!();
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Systick::start(cx.core.SYST, 12_000_000, token);
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...
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```
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@ -28,11 +30,14 @@ async fn foo(_cx: foo::Context) {
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```
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Technically, the timer queue is implemented as a list based priority queue, where list-nodes are statically allocated as part of the underlying task `Future`. Thus, the timer queue is infallible at run-time (its size and allocation is determined at compile time).
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<!-- TODO: move technical explanation to internals -->
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Technically, the timer queue is implemented as a list based priority queue, where list-nodes are statically allocated as part of the underlying task `Future`. Thus, the timer queue is infallible at run-time (its size and allocation are determined at compile time).
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Similarly the channels implementation, the timer-queue implementation relies on a global *Critical Section* (CS) for race protection. For the examples a CS implementation is provided by adding `--features test-critical-section` to the build options.
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For a complete example:
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<details>
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<summary>A complete example</summary>
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``` rust
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{{#include ../../../../rtic/examples/async-delay.rs}}
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@ -46,11 +51,15 @@ $ cargo run --target thumbv7m-none-eabi --example async-delay --features test-cr
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{{#include ../../../../rtic/ci/expected/async-delay.run}}
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```
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</details>
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## Timeout
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Rust `Futures` (underlying Rust `async`/`await`) are composable. This makes it possible to `select` in between `Futures` that have completed.
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Rust [`Future`]s (underlying Rust `async`/`await`) are composable. This makes it possible to `select` in between `Futures` that have completed.
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A common use case is transactions with associated timeout. In the examples shown below, we introduce a fake HAL device which performs some transaction. We have modelled the time it takes based on the input parameter (`n`) as `350ms + n * 100ms)`.
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[`Future`]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/future/trait.Future.html
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A common use case is transactions with an associated timeout. In the examples shown below, we introduce a fake HAL device that performs some transaction. We have modelled the time it takes based on the input parameter (`n`) as `350ms + n * 100ms`.
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Using the `select_biased` macro from the `futures` crate it may look like this:
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@ -62,19 +71,13 @@ select_biased! {
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}
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```
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Assuming the `hal_get` will take 450ms to finish, a short timeout of 200ms will expire.
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Assuming the `hal_get` will take 450ms to finish, a short timeout of 200ms will expire before `hal_get` can complete.
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``` rust
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// Call hal with long relative timeout using `select_biased`
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select_biased! {
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v = hal_get(1).fuse() => hprintln!("hal returned {}", v), // hal finish first
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_ = Systick::delay(1000.millis()).fuse() => hprintln!("timeout", ),
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}
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```
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Extending the timeout to 1000ms would cause `hal_get` will to complete first.
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By extending the timeout to 1000ms, the `hal_get` will finish first.
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Using `select_biased` any number of futures can be combined, so its very powerful. However, as the timeout pattern is frequently used, more ergonomic support is baked into RTIC, provided by the [`rtic-monotonics`] and [`rtic-time`] crates.
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Using `select_biased` any number of futures can be combined, so its very powerful. However, as the timeout pattern is frequently used, it is directly supported by the RTIC [rtc-monotonics] and [rtic-time] crates. The second example from above using `timeout_after`:
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Rewriting the second example from above using `timeout_after` gives:
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``` rust
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// Call hal with long relative timeout using monotonic `timeout_after`
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@ -84,7 +87,7 @@ match Systick::timeout_after(1000.millis(), hal_get(1)).await {
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}
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```
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In cases you want exact control over time without drift. For this purpose we can use exact points in time using `Instance`, and spans of time using `Duration`. Operations on the `Instance` and `Duration` types are given by the [fugit] crate.
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In cases where you want exact control over time without drift we can use exact points in time using `Instant`, and spans of time using `Duration`. Operations on the `Instant` and `Duration` types come from the [`fugit`] crate.
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[fugit]: https://crates.io/crates/fugit
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@ -109,10 +112,20 @@ for n in 0..3 {
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}
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```
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`instant = Systick::now()` gives the baseline (i.e., the absolute current point in time). We want to call `hal_get` after 1000ms relative to this absolute point in time. This can be accomplished by `Systick::delay_until(instant).await;`. We define the absolute point in time for the `timeout`, and call `Systick::timeout_at(timeout, hal_get(n)).await`. For the first loop iteration `n == 0`, and the `hal_get` will take 350ms (and finishes before the timeout). For the second iteration `n == 1`, and `hal_get` will take 450ms (and again succeeds to finish before the timeout). For the third iteration `n == 2` (`hal_get` will take 5500ms to finish). In this case we will run into a timeout.
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`let mut instant = Systick::now()` sets the starting time of execution.
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We want to call `hal_get` after 1000ms relative to this starting time. This can be accomplished by using `Systick::delay_until(instant).await`.
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The complete example:
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Then, we define a point in time called `timeout`, and call `Systick::timeout_at(timeout, hal_get(n)).await`.
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For the first iteration of the loop, with `n == 0`, the `hal_get` will take 350ms (and finishes before the timeout).
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For the second iteration, with `n == 1`, the `hal_get` will take 450ms (and again succeeds to finish before the timeout).
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For the third iteration, with `n == 2`, `hal_get` will take 550ms to finish, in which case we will run into a timeout.
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<details>
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<summary>A complete example</summary>
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``` rust
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{{#include ../../../../rtic/examples/async-timeout.rs}}
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``` console
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{{#include ../../../../rtic/ci/expected/async-timeout.run}}
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```
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</details>
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