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book/resources: do not use the lock API in the very first example
instead stick to `#[local]` resources
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2 changed files with 53 additions and 37 deletions
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@ -7,9 +7,11 @@ Resources are data visible only to functions declared within the `#[app]`
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module. The framework gives the user complete control over which context
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module. The framework gives the user complete control over which context
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can access which resource.
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can access which resource.
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All resources are declared as a single `struct` within the `#[app]`
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All resources are declared as *two* `struct`s within the `#[app]` module.
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module. Each field in the structure corresponds to a different resource.
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Each field in these structures corresponds to a different resource.
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The `struct` must be annotated with the following attribute: `#[resources]`.
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One `struct` must be annotated with the attribute `#[local]`.
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The other `struct` must be annotated with the attribute `#[shared]`.
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The difference between these two sets of resources will be covered later.
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Resources can optionally be given an initial value using the `#[init]`
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Resources can optionally be given an initial value using the `#[init]`
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attribute. Resources that are not given an initial value are referred to as
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attribute. Resources that are not given an initial value are referred to as
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@ -17,12 +19,13 @@ attribute. Resources that are not given an initial value are referred to as
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page.
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page.
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Each context (task handler, `init` or `idle`) must declare the resources it
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Each context (task handler, `init` or `idle`) must declare the resources it
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intends to access in its corresponding metadata attribute using the `resources`
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intends to access in its corresponding metadata attribute using either the
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argument. This argument takes a list of resource names as its value. The listed
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`local` or `shared` argument. This argument takes a list of resource names as
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resources are made available to the context under the `resources` field of the
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its value. The listed resources are made available to the context under the
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`Context` structure.
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`local` and `shared` fields of the `Context` structure.
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The example application shown below contains two interrupt handlers that share access to a resource named `shared`.
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The example application shown below contains two interrupt handlers.
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Each handler has access to its own `#[local]` resource.
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``` rust
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``` rust
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{{#include ../../../../examples/resource.rs}}
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{{#include ../../../../examples/resource.rs}}
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@ -33,13 +36,14 @@ $ cargo run --example resource
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{{#include ../../../../ci/expected/resource.run}}
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{{#include ../../../../ci/expected/resource.run}}
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```
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```
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Note that the `shared` resource cannot be accessed from `idle`. Attempting to do so results in a compile error.
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A `#[local]` resource cannot be accessed from outside the task it was associated to in a `#[task]` attribute.
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Assigning the same `#[local]` resource to more than one task is a compile-time error.
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## `lock`
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## `lock`
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Critical sections are required to access shared mutable data in a data race-free manner.
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Critical sections are required to access `#[shared]` resources in a data race-free manner.
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The `resources` field of the passed `Context` implements the [`Mutex`] trait for each shared resource accessible to the task.
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The `shared` field of the passed `Context` implements the [`Mutex`] trait for each shared resource accessible to the task.
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The only method on this trait, [`lock`], runs its closure argument in a critical section.
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The only method on this trait, [`lock`], runs its closure argument in a critical section.
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@ -91,7 +95,7 @@ $ cargo run --example late
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{{#include ../../../../ci/expected/late.run}}
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{{#include ../../../../ci/expected/late.run}}
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```
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```
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## Only shared access
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## Only shared (`&-`) access
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By default the framework assumes that all tasks require exclusive access (`&mut-`) to resources but it is possible to specify that a task only requires shared access (`&-`) to a resource using the `&resource_name` syntax in the `resources` list.
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By default the framework assumes that all tasks require exclusive access (`&mut-`) to resources but it is possible to specify that a task only requires shared access (`&-`) to a resource using the `&resource_name` syntax in the `resources` list.
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@ -121,4 +125,3 @@ There exists two other options dealing with resources
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this is safe.
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this is safe.
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* `#[task_local]`: there must be only one task using this resource,
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* `#[task_local]`: there must be only one task using this resource,
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similar to a `static mut` task local resource, but (optionally) set-up by init.
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similar to a `static mut` task local resource, but (optionally) set-up by init.
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@ -13,55 +13,68 @@ mod app {
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use lm3s6965::Interrupt;
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use lm3s6965::Interrupt;
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#[shared]
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#[shared]
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struct Shared {
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struct Shared {}
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shared: u32,
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}
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#[local]
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#[local]
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struct Local {}
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struct Local {
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local_to_uart0: i64,
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local_to_uart1: i64,
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}
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#[init]
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#[init]
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fn init(_: init::Context) -> (Shared, Local, init::Monotonics) {
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fn init(_: init::Context) -> (Shared, Local, init::Monotonics) {
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rtic::pend(Interrupt::UART0);
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rtic::pend(Interrupt::UART0);
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rtic::pend(Interrupt::UART1);
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rtic::pend(Interrupt::UART1);
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(Shared { shared: 0 }, Local {}, init::Monotonics())
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(
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Shared {},
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Local {
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local_to_uart0: 0,
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local_to_uart1: 0,
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},
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init::Monotonics(),
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)
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}
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}
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// `shared` cannot be accessed from this context
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// `#[local]` resources cannot be accessed from this context
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#[idle]
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#[idle]
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fn idle(_cx: idle::Context) -> ! {
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fn idle(_cx: idle::Context) -> ! {
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debug::exit(debug::EXIT_SUCCESS);
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debug::exit(debug::EXIT_SUCCESS);
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// error: no `shared` field in `idle::Context`
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// error: no `local` field in `idle::Context`
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// _cx.shared.shared += 1;
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// _cx.local.local_to_uart0 += 1;
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// error: no `local` field in `idle::Context`
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// _cx.local.local_to_uart1 += 1;
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loop {
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loop {
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cortex_m::asm::nop();
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cortex_m::asm::nop();
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}
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}
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}
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}
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// `shared` can be accessed from this context
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// `local_to_uart0` can only be accessed from this context
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// defaults to priority 1
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// defaults to priority 1
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#[task(binds = UART0, shared = [shared])]
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#[task(binds = UART0, local = [local_to_uart0])]
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fn uart0(mut cx: uart0::Context) {
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fn uart0(cx: uart0::Context) {
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let shared = cx.shared.shared.lock(|shared| {
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*cx.local.local_to_uart0 += 1;
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*shared += 1;
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let local_to_uart0 = cx.local.local_to_uart0;
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*shared
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});
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hprintln!("UART0: shared = {}", shared).unwrap();
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// error: no `local_to_uart1` field in `uart0::LocalResources`
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cx.local.local_to_uart1 += 1;
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hprintln!("UART0: local_to_uart0 = {}", local_to_uart0).unwrap();
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}
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}
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// `shared` can be accessed from this context
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// `shared` can only be accessed from this context
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// explicitly set to priority 2
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// explicitly set to priority 2
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#[task(binds = UART1, shared = [shared], priority = 2)]
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#[task(binds = UART1, local = [local_to_uart1], priority = 2)]
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fn uart1(mut cx: uart1::Context) {
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fn uart1(cx: uart1::Context) {
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let shared = cx.shared.shared.lock(|shared| {
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*cx.local.local_to_uart1 += 1;
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*shared += 1;
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let local_to_uart1 = cx.local.local_to_uart1;
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*shared
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});
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hprintln!("UART1: shared = {}", shared).unwrap();
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// error: no `local_to_uart0` field in `uart1::LocalResources`
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// cx.local.local_to_uart0 += 1;
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hprintln!("UART1: local_to_uart1 = {}", local_to_uart1).unwrap();
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}
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}
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}
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}
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